Artificial Social Intelligence

Ana Paiva

Full Professor of Artificial Intelligence at Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, and founder of GAIPS at INESC-ID. I build social agents and robots that perceive, adapt, collaborate and act socially with people.

IST · University of Lisbon Founder, GAIPS @ INESC-ID Fellow · AAAI · EurAI · ELLIS Radcliffe Institute, Harvard
Ana Paiva in the lab with the Pepper and NAO social robots
In the lab, with Pepper and NAOPhoto: Alípio Padilha, Ciência Viva
300+
Publications
21k+
Citations
71
h-index
€7M+
Research funding
27
PhDs supervised
100+
Keynote talks
About

Engineering sociality into machines

For more than three decades my research has centred on one question: how do we build autonomous agents and robots that interact with humans in a fair, transparent, social and natural way?

I am a Full Professor of Artificial Intelligence in the Department of Computer Engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, and a senior researcher at INESC-ID. In 2000 I founded GAIPS, the Group on AI for People and Society, one of the internationally leading groups in social AI, which I coordinated for twenty years.

My work engineers AI systems that exhibit specific social capabilities: social perception, social adaptation, following norms, collaboration, resolving social conflicts, and verbal and non-verbal behaviour, among others. I bring these together in a framework for Artificial Social Intelligence, and apply them across intelligent learning environments, social robotics, social simulation, serious games and entertainment. Throughout, I place the human in the loop, working towards AI that is trustworthy and centred on human values: AI for people and society.

I also believe that AI is changing the way we live, work, and, for us scientists, the way we teach and conduct science. Our society will change and new policies must be developed to adapt to this new world. Between April 2024 and June 2025 I served as Secretary of State for Science in the XXIV Portuguese Government, overseeing national science and technology policy, and contributing to this world in change.

Portrait of Ana Paiva
Ana Paiva, Tagus Park, 2023
2011
Habilitation (Agregação)
Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon
1996
PhD in Computer Science
University of Lancaster, UK. Supervised by Prof. John Self
1991
MSc in Computer Engineering
IST. Innovation Young Engineer Award
1987
BSc in Electrical and Computer Engineering
IST, University of Lisbon
Research

Artificial Social Intelligence

There is a difference between social artificial intelligence and Artificial Social Intelligence. My work is about the latter: giving machines the intelligence to act socially, so they can perceive, adapt, and take part in the social worlds of people. A single framework of social capabilities ties the threads of my research together.

The framework

Acting socially

To interact well with people, an agent needs more than task competence. It needs to read a social situation and act within it. I study how to engineer these capabilities and how to compose them, so that agents and robots become genuine social partners rather than mere tools. The framework anchors every thread that follows.

A framework for building social intelligence: social understanding, interpersonal competencies, social responsibility and social decision making, organised around social identity
A framework for building social intelligence

Artificial Social Intelligence

The core framework: engineering social understanding, interpersonal competencies, social decision making and social responsibility into agents, so that they can act socially. This thread relates to, and underpins, all the others.

Social capabilitiesActing sociallyHuman-centred AI

Empathy and affect

Affective computing and empathy in agents and robots: modelling emotions, recognising them, and using them in the communication between humans and machines, including long-term interaction and the role of humour in human-robot interaction.

Affective computingEmpathyHumour in HRI

Social robots, groups and teams

Human-robot interaction beyond the one-robot, one-user paradigm: robots that take part in groups and teams, hybrid societies of humans and robots, membership and team formation, trust, and inclusion.

HRIGroups and teamsHybrid societies

Prosocial AI and cooperation

Engineering pro-sociality with autonomous agents: cooperation, fairness and social dilemmas studied through multi-agent systems and evolutionary game theory, towards societies of humans and agents that are more cooperative and altruistic.

ProsocialityCooperationSocial dilemmas

AI for Learning and society

Intelligent learning environments and social good: empathic tutors, education for children with neurodevelopmental conditions, serious games, storytelling, cultural understanding and social simulation.

Learning environmentsSerious gamesEducation
Recognition & Service

Honours, fellowships and service

National service

Secretary of State for Science

XXIV Portuguese Government, 2024 to 2025

Elected 2026

Lisbon Academy of Sciences

Corresponding Member, Information Sciences and Technologies

Fellowships

AAAI · EurAI · ELLIS Fellow

AAAI Fellow since 2023. EurAI and ELLIS Fellow

Harvard

Radcliffe Institute Fellow

Katherine Hampson Bessell Fellow, 2020 to 2021

Distinctions & awards

  • 35 most influential women in roboticsIROS, 2022
  • 50 women in robotics you need to know about2022
  • Blue Sky Award, first prize (CCC)AAAI, New Orleans, 2018
  • Best paper awardsHRI'21, RO-MAN'19, ICSR'20, IDC'18, AAAI'18, HRI'16, ICSR'12, ACE'12, ACII'11
  • Innovation Young Engineer AwardOrdem dos Engenheiros, 1991
  • Excellent teaching awardsSocial Robotics and HRI (2016-17); Computers in Society (2018-19)

Editorial boards

  • Former Associate Editor and Special Issues Editor, all until 2024Artificial Intelligence Journal (AIJ); Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (JAAMAS); ACM Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction (ToCHI); ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI); IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing; IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games; and others

Boards & service

  • EurAI Board, elected member2020-2024
  • AAAI, elected member of the executive councilfrom 2021
  • IFAAMAS Board, elected member2010-2016
  • Global Agenda Council on AI & Robotics, World Economic Forum2014-2016
  • Advisory Board, Science Europe2017-2019
  • AIED Society, Executive Committee2000-2005
  • Member, IST School Council2021-2024

Current rolesnow

  • Chair, IST Committee for the analysis and restructuring of AI teaching at IST
  • Member, External Advisory Committee, CiTIUSUniversity of Santiago de Compostela
  • Member, OECD expert group on AI Capability Indicators

Selected event organisation

  • General Co-chair, EPIA'22 (Portuguese Conference on AI)
  • General Co-chair, HRI'2021 (Human-Robot Interaction), Boulder
  • Co-organiser, Dagstuhl Seminar on Social Agents for Teamwork, 2019
  • PC Co-chair, HRI'2016, New Zealand
  • Local chair, AAMAS'2008, Estoril; General co-chair, ACII'2007, Lisbon
Projects

Research projects

Principal Investigator on 27 national and international projects, attracting more than €7M in funding for the group. A selection follows.

2022-2026CRAI · Center for Responsible AITask Leader for Social Artificial Intelligence. Funded by the PRR.
2022-2025EMPOWERPI at IST/INESC-ID. Horizon Europe project on digital education for children with neurodevelopmental conditions.
2021-2025HumanE-AI-NetPI at IST/INESC-ID. H2020 network on Human-Centred AI.
2021-2025TAILORPI at IST/INESC-ID. H2020 network on Trustworthy AI: Learning, Optimisation and Reasoning.
2018-2022ANIMATASPI at INESC-ID. H2020 MSCA on social robotics and agents for educational environments.
2018-2020AMIGOSPI. Affect modelling for robots in group social interactions. FCT.
2015-2018LAW-TRAINPI at INESC-ID. H2020 mixed-reality environment for training investigative interrogation teams.
2012-2016EMOTEPI at INESC-ID. Embodied perceptive tutors for empathy-based learning. FP7.
2008-2012LIRECPI. Living with robots and interactive companions: long-term relationships with humans. FP7.
2004-2007HUMAINEPI. EU network of excellence on emotion and affective computing. FP6.
Mentoring

The next generation

One of my major tasks is supporting the next generation of researchers in social robots and Artificial Social Intelligence. I have mentored 4 post-docs and supervised 27 PhD students. My former students now lead research and teaching across the world. At the moment I supervise two PhD students (together with Prof. Joana Campos).

Regina Duarte
PhD student, IST. Co-advised with Joana Campos. Since 2023.
Chang Zhou
PhD student, IST. Co-advised with Joana Campos. Since 2025.
Where they are now · 27 PhD graduates
Alexis Jacq
Google, Paris
André Pereira
Associate Professor, KTH
António Brisson Lopes
Consultant, Create It
Carlos Martinho
Associate Professor, IST (INESC-ID, GAIPS)
Assistant Professor, Lancaster University, UK
Fernando Santos
Associate Professor, University of Amsterdam
Filipa Correia
Researcher, LARSyS
Hang Yin
Assistant Professor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Iolanda Leite
Associate Professor, KTH
Isabel Machado Alexandre
Assistant Professor, ISCTE
Assistant Professor, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Lisbon
Joana Campos
Assistant Professor, IST (INESC-ID, GAIPS)
João Dias
Assistant Professor, University of Algarve
Maria José Ferreira
Postdoc, CMU
Miguel Faria
Post-doc, Instituto de Telecomunicações
Miguel Vasco
Postdoc, KTH
Patrícia Alves-Oliveira
Professor, University of Michigan
Advanced Computer Scientist, SRI International (AIC)
Raquel Oliveira
Senior Insights Manager, Signal AI
Raul Paradeda
Assistant Professor, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Rui Figueiredo
Software development, UK
Rui Prada
Full Professor, IST (INESC-ID, GAIPS)
Lead Datasets Engineer, Sensei
Assistant Professor, University of Northern British Columbia, Canada
Silvia Tulli
Assistant Professor, Sorbonne University
Sofia Petisca
Lecturer, University of Buckingham, UK
Tiago Ribeiro
Researcher, Soul Machines, New Zealand
Teaching

Teaching

More than 80 course instances over the years in Artificial Intelligence, human-computer interaction and computer science. Four courses were designed from scratch: Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Affective Computing, Computer-Based Learning, and Social Robotics and Human-Robot Interaction.

Recent courses

  • Logic for ProgrammingBSc, 2022-2024
  • Social Robotics and Human-Robot InteractionMSc, 2015-2024
  • Affective ComputingPhD course, 2003-2022
  • Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent SystemsMSc, 1997-2018
  • Computers in SocietyBSc, 2017-2020
  • Artificial IntelligenceBSc, 2009-2015

Outreach & talent

  • Scientific Committee, New Talents for Artificial IntelligenceGulbenkian Foundation, since 2017
  • Excellent teaching award, Social Robotics and HRI2016-2017
  • Excellent teaching award, Computers in Society2018-2019
  • Promoting AI to undergraduates through talks, school visits and local events
Keynotes

On stage, worldwide

More than 100 invited and keynote talks, from neuroscience and the social sciences to autonomous agents and robotics. A recent selection.

Ana Paiva giving a keynote at the ELLIS Doctoral School in Lisbon, 2026
ELLIS Doctoral School, Lisbon, July 2026
  • Keynote, ELLIS Doctoral SchoolLisbon, July 2026
  • Invited talk, IFM Summit (Facilities Management)Lisbon, 2026
  • Keynote, WASP Winter Conference: "Beyond Algorithms: Engineering Social AI"Norrköping, Sweden, 2024
  • Keynote, EUMAS: "Towards Hybrid Societies of Humans and Agents"Naples, Italy, 2023
  • Keynote, Hybrid Human-AI Systems (HHAI): "Engineering Social Capabilities in Human-Centred AI"Munich, Germany, 2023
  • Invited talk, JPMorganNew York, 2023
  • Keynote, IJCAI'2022: "Engineering sociality and collaboration in AI systems"Vienna, Austria, 2022
  • Keynote, IUI'2022: "From Social to Prosocial Machines"2022
  • Invited talk, Champalimaud Neuroscience SymposiumLisbon, 2021
  • Keynote, IEEE RO-MAN'2020: "Prosocial Robotics"2020
  • Keynote, AAMAS'2018: "Ready Team Player One: Social Robots in Teams"Stockholm, 2018
News

News

Publications

Selected publications

Over 300 articles in journals, books and the proceedings of high-impact conferences, accumulating more than 21,000 citations. A curated selection follows; the full record is on Google Scholar and ORCID.